Ivyuma vya LCD vy'amaduka manini n'amaduka y'ibifungurwa

Ivyo bikoresho bihindura ikibanza gipfuye kikaba amafaranga yinjira

Iduka ryose ry’ibintu vyinshi ririmwo ibihumbi vy’amasentimetero kare vy’amazu y’ubutaka agaragara ataco amaze. Inkengera z'amashelufu, amabarabara y'ifiriji, amaso y'ibarabara-ivyo bibanza vyamaze imyaka mirongo bifise ibimenyetso vy'ibiciro vy'impapuro n'ibimenyetso vy'amatangazo. Ibikoresho vyo mu gihe ubudandaji bwari busobanura gucapura no gutera amabara.

Ibishushanyo vya LCD vyarambuwegukuraho ubwo butagira ubushobozi. Ivyo bigaragaza ultra-wide, bifise uburebure kuva kuri 16:4 gushika kuri 16:1, bifata umwanya nyawo w'umubiri ibigaragaza bisanzwe bidashobora. A23.1-inci y'ubwoko bw'umurongo w'ikigaragazan’ugunyerera mu ruhande rw’itafari rw’iminota 600. AIgipande c'inci 37spans urugi rw’ifiriji. Iryo koraniro ririho si kubera ko abahinga bashaka kwubaka amasanamu adasanzwe, ahubwo ni kubera ko ibidukikije vy’ubudandaji vyasaba ko haba ibimenyetso bihuye n’ibikorwa remezo vyariho aho gusaba ko ibikorwa remezo bihinduka kubera bo.

Kubera iki Etageri-Edge Igaragaza Gukora neza kurusha Ubundi buryo bwose

Ubucuruzi bwa kera bwo mu -iduka bukorera kure. Endcap yerekana bifata umutima kuva mu nzira. Ibimenyetso biri hejuru biratanga inzira. Ivyandiko vy’uguteza imbere birashaza inkuta. Ivyo vyose bifise intege nke imwe: bitandukanijwe n’igicuruzwa n’ikibanza c’umubiri n’umuzigo w’ubwenge.

Igitigiri ciza co guhindura gikurikira mu buryo busanzwe kuva kuri iyi ntunganyo. Porogarama y’igerageza kw’iduka ry’i Lyon rya Carrefour yerekanye ko ugurisha kwiyongera ahantu kanaka mu myaka mirongo ibiri hagati y’ijana ku binyobwa vyashizwe ahabona igihe ibimenyetso vyo ku ruhande rwa etageri vyasubiriye ivyerekanwa vya kera vy’iherezo ry’ibicuruzwa nyene. Ingingo y'imari yo guteza imbere yagumye ari imwe-ariko gusa aho bashize harahindutse.

Abavuga ku bitabo bihoraho n’ibimenyetso vy’ibiciro vy’impapuro ntibitera iyo nyishu. Biriho mu bidukikije vy’amaso ariko ntibisaba ko umuntu abitaho. ALCD irambuye ifise ibirimwo binyabuzimaikoresha uburyo bwo kumenya inyigisho y’inyuma ubwayo. Abakiriya barahindukiza imitwe yabo baja iyo nzira ata ngingo bafashe.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo ca Ehrenberg-Bass Institute ku bijanye n’ubudandaji bwagereranyije iyo ngaruka hakoreshejwe amaso-gukurikirana mu ngendo zo kugura mu maduka manini manini yo muri Australiya. Ibimenyetso vy'ama etageri bihoraho vyaronse amaso makeyi atari munsi y'igice c'isegonda. Ivyerekanwa vyerekana inyigisho yoroshe-si amasanamu ateye igomwe, gusa ibishushanyo vy'igiciro -vyafashe umutima incuro nyinshi. Ico cigwa cashitse ku ciyumviro c’uko ukwinyiganza kwonyene, kutajanye n’uburyo ibirimwo, kwatuma abantu barushiriza kwitwararika cane.

Uko ivyo gufata umutima bibaho ata co bishaka, ntibihabwa agaciro. Ico gicapo ntigikeneye kuba ciza canke c’ubwenge. Bikeneye kwimuka.

Impapuro zo kwamamaza zisaba guhingura, kwemeza, gucapura, kwohereza, no gushirwa n’amaboko mu kibanza cose c’iduka. Guhindura uguduzwa mu ntebe bisigura gusubiramwo iyo nzira yose. Igiciro c’inyuma c’ivugurura ryose ni hafi nk’igiciro c’intango. UrusobeIgaragaza LCD irambuyeyemera ibintu bishasha mu masegonda. Ishirahamwe ry’ubudandaji ry’icicaro gikuru rishobora gusunika ibiciro bishasha, guhindura amasanamu y’ubudandaji, canke kwishura ku bikorwa vy’abahiganwa mu ruhererekane rwose imbere y’ifunguro rya sasita. Igiciro c’inyuma c’ivyo guhindura ibirimwo cegera zero.

Ingamba zo guteza imbere zihinduka kubera ivyo. Amasekeza ashobora kuba magufi, akagira ico akoze kandi akagira ico akoze. Iterambere ridakora neza rishobora kwicwa mu masaha makeyi aho guhera mu gihe c’icapa ryaryo. Igiciro c’umuhiganwa gishobora guhuzwa uwo musi nyene. Ivy’ikirere-vyura amaterambere bica bikora-gusunika isupu ishushe ku misi y’ubukonje, ice cream iyo ubushuhe buteye imbere.

Ivyo Kroger yashize mu maduka amajana n’amajana vyerekanye ubwo bushobozi mu gihe c’ubukonje butari bwitezwe bwo muri Ruhuhuma mu Burengero Bushira Uburengero. Mu masaha makeyi y'imburi z'ibikorwa vy'ikirere, amashirahamwe y'ubudandaji yo mu karere yasunikiye amatangazo y'isupu n'ibinyobwa bishushe ku bitanda-ku ruhande rw'ibimenyetso mu maduka yashikiwe n'ico kibazo. Iryo sekeza ryamaze amasaha 72. Amakuru yo mu mutima yerekanye ko hariho ugutera imbere gukomeye mu mice yashizwe imbere ugereranyije n’igihe kimwe mu maduka atagira ibikoresho-imibare nyayo yari itandukanye hakurikijwe akarere, ariko uburyo bwari buhuye ku buryo ugutera imbere kw’ibihe-kwabaye umugenzo usanzwe.

Ivyerekeye ubuhinga bihambaye vy'ukuri

Inkomoko y'urupapuro n'uburyo

Ivy’ishimikiro vyo gukora amapaneli ya LCD-uguca ibirahuri vy’umuvyeyi, itandukaniro hagati y’amapaneli y’imvukira n’ayacitse, n’abaguzi bakuru nka BOE, AUO, na Innolux-vyanditswe neza ahandi. Igihambaye ku ngingo zo gutanga amasoko ni ugutahura ico ivyo bintu vy’ishimikiro bisobanura mu bikorwa.

Ivy’ukuri vy’ugushiramwo uburemere bibera ku rugero rw’ugukwiragiza, si ku ruganda.

Igipande c’umugwi wa A kiva ku murongo wa Hefei wa BOE coshobora guca mu masosiyete atatu canke ane y’ubudandaji imbere y’uko gishika mu bubiko bw’umuguzi wawe i Shenzhen. Buri muhuza arafise ivyo amutera intege zo kuvanga ivy’ububiko. Igikoresho coherezwa canditsweko ngo "BOE Grade A" coshobora kubamwo ahanini ibipande vy'ukuri vy'Ikigo A, bimwebimwe vy'Ikigo B vyaciye mu gusuzumwa n'amaso, n'igice kivuye ku muhinguzi atandukanye rwose n'ibipande vyavyo bikaba bihuye n'ivyo ubuhinga bumwe.

Ishirahamwe ry’ibifungurwa ryo mu karere ko mu Bwongereza ryaguze amajana menshi y’ibikoresho vy’ingengo y’imari ku mucuruzi wa Alibaba. Mu mezi umunani, nk’ica gatatu cari carananiwe canke carasenyutse ku buryo umuco udashobora gukoreshwa. Igiciro cose harimwo no gukuraho, gusubirira, no gutakaza agaciro k’uguteza imbere, cari kirenze ivyo ibimenyetso vy’Ikigo ca A vyari gutwara mu ntango. Isesengura ry’inyuma y’urupfu ryerekanye ibipande bivuye nibura mu bibanza bine bitandukanye mu vyoherezwa bimwe, bifise ibisobanuro vy’umuco w’inyuma bitandukanye cane.

Ukwiregura kw’amasoko gukora vy’ukuri:bisaba inyandiko z’ugukurikirana kw’ibipande zifise inomero z’umwimerere z’umuhinguzi, kandi ugenzure izo nomero z’umwimerere ugereranije n’inyandiko z’umuhinguzi. BOE, AUO, na Innolux bose barabungabunga uburyo bwo kugenzura inomero y’ibintu ku baguzi benshi. Abaguzi banse iyo nzira yo kugenzura bariko barakubwira ikintu gihambaye ku bijanye n’aho bava.

Ikindi kintu nyaco gikwiriye kumenyekana: izina rya "Grade A" ubwaryo nta rugero rwo kw'isi yose rifise. Buri muhinguzi wese arasobanura ingingo ziwe bwite zo gutanga amanota. Igitigiri ca BOE A kiremera umubare mutoyi w’ibipimo vy’abapfuye ku gipande. Innolux iremera n’ibindi bikeyi. Bamwe mu bashinwa bagurisha amapaneli ya "Grade A" bariko bakoresha ingingo ngenderwako zo mu mutima zoshobora guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba Grade C ahandi. Imisi yose nusabe mu nyandiko ingingo ngenderwako zidasanzwe zo kwemera akaga, ntusabe gusa ikimenyetso c’amanota.

Umuco n'Imikino y'Ingero Abaguzi Bakina

Ibisabwa vy'ishimikiro vy'umuco ku bidukikije vy'ubudandaji-500-700 nits ku bibanza vy'imbere mu nzu, 1000+ ku bibanza vy'ibidukikije vyinshi-biravugwa cane mu burongozi bwo guhitamwo ivyerekana. Ivyo bimenyetso ubwavyo biragororotse. Uburyo bwo gupima niho amasoko agira uruyeri.

Igishushanyo cose c’umuco kiri ku rupapuro rw’amakuru ni ikinyoma kubera ukubura.

Ico gitigiri kigereranya kimwe mu bipimo vyinshi bishoboka, kandi abagurisha ibintu barahitamwo uburyo bwose buzotuma haba igiharuro kinini kuruta ibindi vyose.

Hagati-ingero y'akarongoifata igisomwa hagati nyayo y’igipande aho umuco uri hejuru cane. Ibi bishobora gushika hejuru cane y'umubare w'abantu-rimwe na rimwe n'ica gatatu canke birenze. Igishushanyo gifise "700 nits" ku ntumbero yo hagati-gishobora kuba gifise 500 nits ku ruhande rwaco.Icenda-amanota mwayeniipima umuco ku bibanza icenda hirya no hino ku gipande maze ikabipima. Ubu ni bwo buryo bw’ukuri. Ni ryo kandi ritanga igitigiri gitoyi, rero abaritanga bake ni bo bayikoresha ku bushake.Isonga ry'umuco w'igihe gitoingero z’umusaruro mu gihe c’impumuro ngufi, si igikorwa gikomeye. Hari abagurisha ibintu basobanura umuco muri ubwo buryo ataco bamenyesheje. Igipande gifise uburemere bwa 700 nits coshobora gukomeza gusa 550 nits mu gukora ubudasiba.

Igerageza ryakozwe n’ishirahamwe ry’ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none ryasuzumye ibimenyetso vy’ubudandaji-edge bivuye ku bahinga harimwo Philips, LG, n’abahinguzi benshi b’abashinwa. Inyuma y’amasaha 2.000 y’ugukora ubudasiba ku 80% vy’umuco, umusaruro wapimwe wari utandukanye cane-ibice bimwe bimwe vyagumye birenga 90% vy’ivyo vyari vyategekanijwe mu ntango, mu gihe ibindi vyagabanutse bishika nko kuri 70%. Ivyo bikoresho vyagumye bifise umuco mwinshi cane vyose vyari bivuye ku bahinga bakoresha amapaki y’amatara ya Samsung canke LG-aho gukoresha ubundi buryo busanzwe.

Uburyo bwonyene bwo kwizigirwa:sobanura umuco nk' "umubare w'intonde icenda-inyuma y'amasaha 500-y'uguturika-in" kandi usabe ukugenzura kw'uwundi muntu wa gatatu kuva ku kigo c'igerageza uhisemwo, atari kimwe umuguzi asaba. Abaguzi batazokwemera ivyo bariko bagurisha amapaneli atazohura n’ivyo bashaka mu gihe vy’ukuri.

Uwundi mutego umwe w’umuco ufata mbere n’abaguzi bazi utuntu n’utundi: abagurisha bamwebamwe bavuga umuco ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’umuco w’inyuma, uwo nta muntu afise ubwenge akoresha ubudasiba kubera ko ugabanya igice c’ubuzima bw’umuco w’inyuma. Saba umuco ku 70% y'umuco w'inyuma-ni vyo bikoresho vyinshi vy'ubudandaji bikoresha.

Ubuyobozi bw'ubushuhe

Igishushanyo c’ibimenyetso vy’uburebure burambuye kiratuma haba ingorane y’ubuhinga bw’ubushuhe.

Ubushuhe buva ku matara y’inyuma n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’umushoferi butegerezwa guca mu kibanza gitoyi. Igishushanyo kibi c’ubushuhe kigaragara nk’ugusenyuka kw’amatara y’izuba, uguhinduka kw’umuhondo kw’ibipande vy’ibikoresho vy’ugukwiragiza, ukudashikama kw’umushoferi IC bituma bikonja no gusubira gukora, n’ugugabanya ubuzima bw’ibipande bivuye ku kwononekara kw’amazi.

Ivyerekana uburyo bwiza bivuga ku muzigo w’ubushuhe biciye ku bipande vy’inyuma vy’aluminium bijana ubushuhe kure y’ibihimba, ivy’ugusohora umwuka, kandi rimwe na rimwe, ugukonjesha gukomeye. Ivyerekana ingengo y’imari akenshi bikoresha inzu z’amapulasitike zifata ubushuhe.

Igisuzumo coroshe:n’ukoreshe ikigaragaza umuco wose mu kiringo c’amasaha abiri, hanyuma ukore ku gipande co inyuma. Ubushuhe bwo ku ruhande burenze degre 50 bwerekana ubushuhe buzogabanya ubuzima bw’ibikorwa. Ivyuma vy’uburyo bigumya ubushuhe bwo ku ruhande buri munsi ya degre 45 iyo bikoreshwa mu buryo buramba.

Uburongozi bw’ubushuhe niho abahinguzi babanza guca imfuruka kuko abakiriya ntibashobora kubibona. Inzu y’ipulasitike ishobora kuzigama kumbure €8 ku nzu. Bigabanya kandi ubuzima bw'ibikorwa n'ikintu nka 30-50% mu bidukikije vy'ubudandaji vyinshi-naho bitandukanye cane n'ingene bishirwaho.

Ivyo ama spec sheets atigera avuga: ubushobozi bw’ubushuhe burahindagurika bivanye n’aho umuntu ashirwa. Igikoresho kigeragejwe mu buryo buringaniye ku ntebe coshobora gukonja cane ku rugero rwa degre 8-12 kuruta ico gikoresho nyene gishizwe mu buryo buhagaze ku ruhande rw’itafari aho umuyaga ushobora guca. Igihe cose ugerageze mu kibanza nyaco co gutera, canke wongereko umutekano mwinshi ku bisubizo vy’igerageza ry’uburinganire.

Ikibazo c’ibarabara ry’ifiriji ni kibi kuruta. Ivyerekana bishizwe ku miryango y’ibifungurwa bifise ubushuhe igihe cose umukiriya yuguruye urugi-ubushuhe burahinduka bukwi na bukwi kuva kuri -18 degre gushika kuri +22 degre no gusubira inyuma. Imbere mu nzu haravuka amazi. Ivyerekana ingengo y’imari ata kidodo ciza birananirwa mu mezi makeyi. Umwe mu bacuruza ibifungurwa bikonje yasangije amakuru yerekana ko mu mwaka wa mbere hariho ibiharuro vyinshi vy’ugusenyuka ku bimenyetso bitagira igitigiri vy’ibifungurwa vyashizwe ku bikoresho vy’ibifungurwa bikonje, ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bifise igitigiri ca IP65 vyagenewe gukoresha amagare y’ubushuhe. Ivyo bice vy’agaciro bigura 40% kuruta. Igiciro cose c’ubutunzi cari gito cane.

Gutunganya ibikoresho

Ivyerekana vyinshi vyerekanywe bifatanya ibikoresho vy'amakuru bishingiye kuri Android-aho gusaba ibikoresho vyo hanze. Uko iyo orodinateri ihuriweko imeze ni vyo bigena ubushobozi bwo gusubiramwo, ugushikama kw’urutonde be n’ubuzima buramba.

Uburongozi bw'ibikoresho burahambaye cane kurusha uko abantu biyumvira-ikintu gihambaye ni RAM n'uburyo bwo kubika.

RAMbirahambaye kurusha umuvuduko w'isaha ku bijanye n'ugushikama kw'igihe kirekire-. Igikoresho gifise processeur yihuta ariko 1GB gusa ya RAM kizogenda buhoro buhoro kigaca kigenda amayinga menshi nk’uko ubuhinga bwo gucunga ubwonko bwa Android bugenda buragabanuka. Ibirimwo biraguma bikina, ariko inyishu ku mategeko y’urubuga irasenyuka, uburongozi bwo kure buracika ubudashobora kwizigirwa, maze amaherezo urutonde rurakenera gusubira gutangura bikomeye. Sobanura 2GB n'imiburiburi, 4GB ku gukoresha kwose kwitezwe gukora amezi arenga 12 hagati y'ingendo zo gusanasana.

Ivyerekanwa vyinshi vy’ingengo y’imari birungikwa na Android 7 canke 8 kubera ko uwubikora atigeze ashiramwo amafaranga yo gufasha amaverisiyo mashasha. Izo verisiyo za kera za Android zifise ubugoyagoye buzwi bw’umutekano kandi, mu buryo bubereye, zitakaza ubucuti n’ibibanza vya CMS bihindura porogarama zavyo kugira ngo bisabe API za Android nshasha. Igishushanyo coherezwa na Android 7 muri 2024 coshobora kudahuza na CMS wahisemwo mu mezi 18. Bisaba Android 11 n’ibindi, Android 12 canke 13 nivyo bikundwa.

Ibisobanuro vy'ububikona vyo nyene birahambaye, ariko si mu buryo benshi mu baguzi biyumvira. Ububiko bw'umuco mu bigaragaza ingengo y'imari akenshi bukoresha NAND y'ukwihangana guto-ishobora gusenyuka n'ingendo zo kwandika. Iyerekanwa rikuraho kandi rikabika ibintu bishasha ku musi ku musi rishobora guhera ubushobozi bwaryo bwo kwandika mu myaka 2-3, bikavamwo ubusuma bwa dosiye n'ukunanirwa gusubiramwo. Ivyerekanwa vy'ubudandaji-bikoresha ububiko bw'ukwihangana bwinshi canke bishira mu ngiro ubuhinga bwo gupima ububiko bushobora kwagura ubuzima bw'ububiko. Basabe ububiko bwo kwihangana mu TBW (terabytes zanditswe) maze ubare nimba buzorokoka incuro zawe witeze zo guhindura ibirimwo mu kiringo cose c'ubuzima bwo gukoresha.

Ubutunzi bwa Etageri-Iyerekanwa ry'Urubibi

Igikoresho c’ukuri c’ibice 100 vy’23.1-inci ku ruhande rw'etageri yerekanaitwara imiterere y'igiciro ikurikira:

Kuronka ibikoreshoigura $200-400 ku kimwe cose ku bimenyetso vy’ubudandaji bifise umuco uhagije, ubushuhe, n’ibikoresho vya Android vyinjijwemwo. Ibindi bikoresho vy’ingengo y’imari biriho ku madolari 120-180 ariko bifise ingorane zo kwizigirwa n’ubuzima buramba zamaze kudondorwa.Gutera ibikorwa remezobigura amadolari 25-75 ku kimwe cose bivanye n’uko ubuhinga bwo gushiramwo ibintu buhuye. Amaduka manini manini asanzwe akoresha imirongo myinshi idahuye. Ama adaptateri canke ama brackets asanzwe birakenerwa kenshi.Ibikorwa remezo vy'amashanyaraziigereranya igihinduka kinini: $50-200 ku kimwe cose bivanye n'aho isoko ririho. Ivyerekana ku ruhande rw’ibitanda bisaba ububasha buri 600-1200mm ku nzira y’ibitanda. Ni bake mu maduka manini manini ariho afise ubwo bwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa. Ibikorwa vy’amashanyarazi bigereranya igiciro kinini gihishijwe.Ibikorwa vyo gushiramwon’amadolari 40-100 ku kimwe cose harimwo no gushiramwo, gufatanya amashanyarazi, gutunganya urubuga, no kugenzura ibirimwo.Ukwiyandikisha kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ibirimwokuva kuri $3-15 ku gice ku kwezi ku gicu-ishingiye ku nzira za CMS. Ibindi bikoresho vy’ukwikorera bigabanya igiciro gisubira ariko bikongera umuzigo w’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none.Guhingura ibirimwoni ikintu gihinduka cane. Ibirimwo vy’ishimikiro bikoresheje amashusho y’ibicuruzwa n’ibiciro bishobora gutwara amadolari 2.000-5.000 mu ntango. Gukora amasanamu ku buryo bubereye ku rugero rw’ibintu vyose bishobora gushika ku madolari 20.000-50.000 ku mwaka.

Igitigiri cose c'umwaka wa mbere -ishoramari ku bice 100: $45,000-90,000bivanye n’uburyo bwo gushiramwo n’ugushiraho.

Ibiciro bitigera biboneka mu majambo y'abaguzi bikwiye kwitwararikwa cane.

Guhungabanya umugambini ikintu kinini-gushiramwo ibimenyetso ku bitabo bikora bisaba gukora ijoro ryose ku bipimo vy'abakozi vyiza canke gushiramwo ku murango bihungabanya ugugura kandi bisaba kwimurira ibintu mu gihe gito. Ishirahamwe rimwe ry’ibifungurwa ryaharuriye ko igikorwa co gushiramwo ibintu cari 40% gusa c’amahera yose yo gushiramwo ibintu; 60% vyasigaye vyatakaje ugurisha mu bihe vyo gushiramwo, amasaha y’inyongera y’abakozi bo mu bubiko kugira ngo basubizeho amaplanogramme, n’ugucika intege kw’ibicuruzwa vyabitswe mu vyumba vy’inyuma mu gihe gito.

Ibiciro vy'ibikorwa remezo vy'urubugabitangaje hafi abantu bose. Ivyuma vya CMS vy'ingengo y'imari bisezerana "bikora ku rubuga urwo ari rwo rwose," ariko urubuga rwa Wi-Fi rw'ubudandaji rwagenewe ibikoresho vyo gupima ububiko n'ibikoresho vya POS mu bisanzwe ntibigira uburebure bw'uruja n'uruza n'uburebure bw'ibigaragaza 100+ bikuraho ibirimwo icarimwe. Uruhererekane rumwe rw’akarere rwabonye ivyo mu gihe co gutangaza igihe ivy’ijoro vyabo vyasunika urubuga rw’amaduka, bica bikuraho ibibanza vya POS. Ivyo guhindura urubuga ntibari barateguye vyatwaye amahera menshi kuruta ivyo bagaragaza ubwavyo.

Ivyiza biva ku vyo ushora

Abagurisha mu nganda bavuga ko ugurisha kwadutse 10-30% ku bicuruzwa bishirwa ahabona ku bimenyetso vyo ku ruhande rw’amashelufu. Ivyo biharuro si ibinyoma, ahubwo birazimiza ata n’aho bishingiye.

Ivyo bituma umuntu agira ingero:kugereranya n’ibihe vy’intango ata n’imwe itera imbere (si kugereranya n’ibimenyetso bihoraho), kwibanda ku rwego rwo hejuru-impumuro aho ivyiyumviro vyose vyo guteza imbere bituma umuntu agura vyinshi, amadirisho magufi y’ingero mu kiringo c’intango c’ubuhinga bushasha, n’ibindi bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none.

Ivyo kwitega vy'ukuri:ugurisha kwongerekana kw'ibicuruzwa vyatewe imbere mu mibare imwe gushika hagati -y'ubuyabaga ugereranyije n'ibimenyetso bihoraho. Iduka-ingaruka z'ugurisha aho mbere n'iterambere ry'ibice bibiri kw'ijana ari ukuroranirwa gufise insiguro. Gushira hejuru ubuzima buramba aho ukwiye kwitega ukubora kugaragara kubera ingaruka z’isonga inyuma y’amezi atandatu uko akamenyero k’abaguzi kagenda karatera imbere.

Igenzura rya McKinsey ry’ubuhinga bwo kugurisha, rishingiye ku makuru yava mu bibanza vy’ubudandaji muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Buraya, ryasanze ugurisha kw’umwaka wa mbere kwadutse hafi 11% ku bice vyatewe imbere, kugabanuka gatoyi mu mwaka wa kabiri uko ingaruka z’ibintu bishasha zagabanutse. Ariko rero, abacuruzi basubiramwo ibintu n’imiburiburi buri ndwi baragumye batera imbere cane gushika mu mwaka wa 2.

Inyungu y'imibare:iduka rinini rifise amadolari 30.000 ku musi rishika ku 2% vy’inyongera y’inyungu y’uguterura rironka amadolari 600 ku musi canke amadolari 219.000 ku mwaka. Ku 25% vy’inyungu yose, ivyo bigereranya nk’amadolari 55.000 y’inyungu yose y’inyongera. Ku bijanye n'igiciro c'umwaka wa mbere- c'amadolari 70.000, kwishura bishika mu mezi nka 15.

Iyi mibare irakora-ariko gusa n'ugutuma ibirimwo bigenda neza.Ivyerekanywe vyerekana ibirimwo vya kera canke uguteza imbere bitagira akamaro bica bitakaza akamaro. Ivyo gushora imari mu birimwo biguma bigenda si ivyo guhitamwo.

Ivyo Tesco yaciyemwo vyerekana ubushobozi n’ivyo bisabwa. Ivyo vyashizwe mu maduka yo mu Bwongereza mu ntango vyerekanye ibisubizo bikomeye-ugutera imbere kw’imibare ibiri-mu bice vyaduzwe mu mwaka wa 1. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2, ugutera imbere kwari kwagabanutse. Ivyiyumviro vy’imbere mu gihugu vyavuze ko iyo nzira yagabanutse kubera ko incuro zo guhindura ibirimwo zagabanutse kuva incuro zibiri mu ndwi zija ku ncuro imwe mu kwezi uko ubuhinga bushasha bwagenda burazimangana kandi amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji agasubira kwitwararika ibindi bihambaye. Ivyemezo bishasha vy’ibirimwo vyasubijeho vyinshi mu bikorwa vya mbere.

Ivyo biharuro vya ROI amashirahamwe y’abagurisha atanga vyama vyiyumvira ko ibiciro vy’ibirimwo ari hanze y’umugambi. Si bo. Igishushanyo ca TCO c’ukuri kuruta kirimwo 0.5-1.0 FTE y’igikorwa gikomeza co gucunga ibirimwo, canke $15,000-30,000 ku mwaka mu biro vy’ugucungera ibirimwo. Ivyo ubishire mu biharuro vy’ukwishura imbere y’uko ushirako umukono.

Aho ugurungika bigenda nabi

Si ugutumwa kwose kuroranirwa. Ivyo bigereranyo nyene vy’ukunanirwa biraboneka incuro nyinshi:

Inzara y'ibirimwobishika iyo amashirahamwe ashize amafaranga mu bikoresho, hanyuma agatanga inshingano z'ibirimwo ku bakozi bo kwamamaza bamaze-barengeje urugero. Ivyo bishasha bica bihinduka bimwe bimwe. Ivyerekana vyerekana izo nzira nyene mu mezi menshi. Abakiriya barabirengagiza rwose.Guca ibice kwa sisitemubishika iyo amashirahamwe atandukanye akoresheje uburyo bwo kwerekana buhanganye. Igiciro kuri LCD kivuguruza igiciro kiri muri POS system. Ukwizigira abakiriya kuragabanuka. Abakozi baramara umwanya basigura ivyo bitandukanye aho kugurisha.Gushiramwo nabiibivuye mu bimenyetso vyashizweho bishingiye ku kuboneka kw’ibitanda aho gusuzuma uruja n’uruza rw’abaguzi. Ivyumba vy'ishoramari vyinshi-bihura n'ibibanza vy'imiduga mike-. Ivyiyumviro vy’impumuro vy’agaciro ntaco bironka.Gusuzugura ivyo kwitahobisigura ko ama unités yananiwe aguma ari umwiza amayinga menshi. Umuco-ibipande vyasenyutse vyerekana ibirimwo biteye ubwoba. Ibibazo vy'urubuga bisiga ivyerekanywe bitari ku rubuga. Ivyo gushiramwo bisa n’ivyahebwe aho kuba ivy’agaciro.

Imwe mu nzira z’inyigisho zari zijanye n’uruhererekane runini rw’akarere ka Amerika rwashizeho ibimenyetso birenga 2.000 mu maduka 60 mu mezi ane. Haciye amezi cumi n’umunani, ibice bikeyi vyaguma bikora.

Impamvu: amajana menshi y'ibikoresho yarananiwe mu buryo bw'ubuhinga kubera ko umugwi w'abaguzi wari wahisemwo uwuguha ibikoresho vy'agaciro gato, ayandi amajana menshi yarakuweho mu gihe c'amahinduka y'umugambi ata mugambi wo gusubira gushiramwo, ayasigaye na yo yakuweho gusa n'abakozi bo mu maduka basanze ari "annocape"meying. Insozero y'inyuma y'urupfu: "Ishirahamwe ryaguze ubuhinga. Ntiriguze ubushobozi bwo gukora."

Uburyo bumwe bwo kunanirwa budakunda kuganirwako:Kuzimangana kw'umuguzi. Isoko rya LCD ryaragutse ririmwo abahinguzi batobato amajana n’amajana b’Abashinwa binjira mw’isoko, bagurisha cane imyaka mikeyi, hanyuma bagahindukira bakaja ku bindi bikoresho canke bagafunga gusa. Ivyifuzo vy’igarantiya bica bihinduka ibidashobora gukusanywa. Ivyuma vy’inyuma birazimangana. Ivyo guhindura porogaramu birahagarara. Ishirahamwe ry’ubunini buringaniye-kuva mu 2021 ryasanze ari impfuvyi mu 2023 igihe uwutanga ibikoresho yahagarika gusa kwishura ku bijanye n’itumanaho. Ivyo vyerekana vyarakora, mugabo igihe ama unités yananirwa, nta bindi vyariho vyo gusubirira vyari bihuye n’ingene vyari vyifashe be n’ingene vyari bimeze. Ivyo bikoresho vyose vyategerezwa gusubirwamwo ku giciro cose mu myaka itatu kuva vyashizweho ubwa mbere.

Ubwubatsi bwo gushiramwo

Ivyitegererezo vyo gukwirakwiza ubushobozi

Ingingo y’ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi ihindura igiciro co gukoresha n’uguhinduranya ibikorwa kuruta uko benshi mu baguzi babibona.

Inguvu za AC zitanzweitanga ikigaragaza cose kigenewe ubushobozi bwa 110/220V AC. Ivyo bisaba ko haba uburemere bw’ibisohoka bitanga ibibanza bikeyi vy’ubudandaji. Ibikorwa vy’abakozi b’amashanyarazi bigereranya igiciro kinini. Ariko rero, ubu buryo buratanga ukwizigirwa gukomeye-igice cose gikora cigenga.Inguvu za DC ziri hagatiikoresha akazu k'amashanyarazi kugira ngo itange DC y'umuriro muto -ku bigaragaza vyinshi biciye ku nzira z'imirongo. Ivyuma bike bikenewe, kazoza koroshe kongerako kandi kagenda, ariko uriko urazana ingingo zimwe zimwe z'ugusenyuka-ugusenyuka kw'amashanyarazi kumwe gutuma ibice vyinshi vyinjira mu mwijima.Inguvu kuri Ethernet (PoE)ikoresha ama switch y'urubuga kugira ngo itange ubushobozi iruhande y'amakuru biciye ku nzira ya Ethernet. Nta bikorwa remezo vy’ububasha bitandukanye bikenewe, ariko bigarukira ku bimenyetso vy’ububasha bwo hasi- (munsi ya 25W) kandi bishobora gusaba injectors canke PoE{3}} switches kugira ngo bibe bihagije.

Ku nyubakwa nshasha canke gusanura cane, ubushobozi bwa AC bugabanywa mu gihe c'ubwubatsi-out butanga umuti usukuye w'igihe kirekire-. Kugira ngo ushobore gusubiramwo mu bibanza vyariho, DC canke PoE iri hagati bigabanya uguhungabana kw’ugushiraho.

Ikibazo c’amategeko y’amashanyarazi gifata imigambi yo gusubira gusanura: ibibanza vyinshi vy’ubudandaji vyubatswe n’ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi bwaharuwe ku bijanye n’umuco, ivyuma bikonjesha, n’ubuhinga bwa POS. Kwongera 100+ vyerekana igishushanyo 15-25W ​​kimwe cose coshobora gusa n'ikidahambaye-2.5kW yose hamwe-ariko igipande kiriho gishobora kubura ibibanza vy'ibice vy'inyuma, kandi imirongo y'amashami ikoresha ibibanza vy'amashelufu ishobora kuba isanzwe ifise ubushobozi. Uruzitiro rumwe rwabonye mu gihe co gushiramwo ko ibisohoka vyabo biri ku rugero rw’etageri vyari ku nzira imwe n’iy’amatara y’ibikoresho vy’ifiriji, kandi kwongerako imizigo y’iyerekanwa vyari ugutsitaza ibicapura. "Ibikorwa bitobito vy'amashanyarazi" vyari mu ngengo y'imari y'umugambi wabo vyacitse ugusubiramwo ivyuma vyose.

Ku muntu wese ategura gukoresha PoE: PoE isanzwe (802.3af) itanga gusa 15.4W, ivyo bikaba bidahagije ku kigaragaza cose gifise umuco uhagije. PoE+ (802.3at) itanga 30W, ishobora gupfuka ibice vyinshi vy’amasentimetero 23. Ivyerekana binini canke ibice bifise umuco mwinshi bisaba PoE++ (802.3bt) ku 60-100W. Ibikorwa remezo vy'ihindura rya PoE++ bigura nk'incuro 3 z'ivyo ihindura rya PoE ry'ishimikiro rigura. Ingingo y’imari ihuye n’ivyo.

Ubwubatsi bw'urubuga

Ivyerekana bisaba guhuzwa n’urubuga kugira ngo ibirimwo bihindurwe n’ugukurikirana ubuzima.

Ethernet (ifise umugozi)ni iyo kwizigirwa cane n'uburebure bw'uruja n'uruza ariko isaba ko intsinga zigenda ku kibanza cose c'iyerekanwa. Ivyiza cane ku bikoresho bihoraho aho intsinga zishobora guhishwa mu bikorwa remezo vy’ibitanda.Wi -Fiifise igiciro gito co gushiramwo ata n'imirongo y'ivyuma ariko ishobora gushikirwa n'ingorane za RF zivuye ku bikoresho vy'ivyuma, ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha, n'imirongo y'amashanyarazi ihanganye. Bisaba gukoresha AP ikomeye n'ukwitwararika cane ku rwego rw'ibara -.Igikoresho c'amatelefone (4G/5G)bisigura ko ikigaragaza cose kirimwo modem yaco bwite ata bikorwa remezo vy’urubuga rw’aho hantu bisabwa. Igiciro kinini cane ku -igiciro gikomeza kubera imigambi y'amakuru ariko gifise agaciro ku bigaragazwa biri ukwavyo canke ahantu hatagira ubufatanye bw'aho hantu.

Ibikorwa vy'ibigo bikwiye gusaba Ethernet ku bikoresho vya mbere bikoreshwa n'ububiko bwa Wi-Fi. Cellular ikoresha ibibazo vyo ku ruhande gusa.

Ikibazo ca Wi-Fi mu bikorwa ni kibi kuruta uko inyandiko z'ubuhinga zivyerekana. Ibidukikije vy’amaduka akomeye birimwo ibintu bidasanzwe bitera ingorane za RF: amakompreseri y’amafiriji atera urusaku rw’umuyagankuba, amashelufu y’ivyuma akora nk’intambamyi z’ibimenyetso n’ibimenyetso, amatara y’amatara, amascanners y’ibintu bitagira amashanyarazi, amatelefone ngendanwa y’abaguzi, kandi akenshi ahiganwa n’ama Wi-ring te ava ku babanyi. Igikoresho gikora neza mu gihe c'igerageza ry'amasaha y'inyuma-gishobora gutakaza ubufatanye mu masaha y'ugusuma iyo ibidukikije vya RF bihindutse burundu.

Ishirahamwe rimwe ry’abarungika ivyo bikoresho ryavyize mu buryo bugoye: ivyo bagaragaza vyarageragejwe neza cane mu gihe co kubishiramwo, ivyo bikaba vyabaye mw’ijoro rimwe. Mu masaha y’akazi, ukubura kw’amapakete kwari kurenga 40% ku bimenyetso vyerekanwa mu gice c’ibifungurwa vyakonje, aho urusaku rw’ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha rwari rwinshi cane. Ivyo gusunika ibintu vyatwara iminota itanu mw’ijoro vyari bifata isaha irenga ku murango, ivyo bikaba vyasobanura ko ibimenyetso vyari vyerekana ibintu vya kera mu bihe vyose vy’ugusuma. Ivyo vyasaba ko Ethernet ikoreshwa cane ku bibanza bibi cane-vyashikiwe.

Ibisabwa muri sisitemu yo gucunga ibirimwo

Igikoresho ca CMS ni co kigena ubushobozi bwo gukora. Ibisabwa bidakwiye guhungabanywa:

Urutonde rw'uburongozirero ibirimwo bishobora gukoreshwa ku ruhererekane, akarere, ububiko, akarere, n'ingero z'iyerekanwa ry'umuntu ku giti ciwe. Iterambere ry'igihugu rifise uguhinduka kw'ibiciro mu karere n'amaduka-ivy'ububiko bwihariye bisaba ubu buhinga.Ugushiramwo amakuru yo hanzerero amahinduka y’igiciro muri POS system aja ku bigaragazwa ata n’umwe abigiramwo amaboko. Amakuru y'ububiko akwiye guhagarika uguteza imbere ibicuruzwa vyo hanze -vy'ububiko. Ivyiyumviro vy’ikirere birashobora gutuma habaho ibirimwo. API-ubwubatsi bwa mbere burashoboza ubu bufatanye.Ikimenyamenya-cya-gukina rapororero ibirimwo vyose bisubirwamwo bifise ikidodo c'igihe n'ikimenyetso c'iyerekanwa. Aya makuru ashigikira ibiganiro vy'abaguzi n'ugutunganya imbere mu mutima.Gupima kuregutanga ukuboneka kw’urubaho rw’ibarabara mu kugaragaza uko biri kuri interineti, amakosa yo gukina, ugusoma kw’ubushuhe, n’ingero z’umuco, n’imburi yikora iyo ibice bivuye kuri interineti canke vyerekana ibitari vyo.Igishushanyo - gishingiye ku kurema ibirimworero abatari -abahinguzi bashobora gutanga ibirimwo vyemewe bakoresheje ibigereranyo vyubatswe mbere -bishiramwo amabwirizwa y'ibara. Kwizigira ubuhinga bwo kurema kuri buri guhindura ibirimwo bitera ingorane zikomeye.

Amasezerano ya CMS akwiriye gusuzumwa cane kuruta uko benshi mu baguzi bayaha. Uruhusha rwo gukoresha buri -igikoresho rurafise insiguro ku bikorwa bitobito ariko rudakora neza. Uruhusha rw'ibigo rufise ibipfukisho vy'ibikoresho bitera umukazo wo kuvugurura mu bihe bitoroshe. Hariho ama platforms asaba amahera atandukanye ku bijanye no gukoresha API, ikimenyamenya-c'-raporo y'ugukina, canke ibiranga urutonde rw'ibintu biteye imbere bikwiye kuba ibikorwa vy'ishimikiro. Uruhererekane rumwe rw'igihugu rwasinye amasezerano ya CMS ashingiye ku -igiciro c'igikoresho kimwekimwe cose cari kimeze nk'aho gishobora guhiganwa, gusa kugira ngo bavumbure ko urugero "rusanzwe" rwari rudafise uburenganzira bwo gukoresha API ku bijanye n'ugushiramwo POS-ikintu bari bakeneye. Igitigiri carimwo API access kigura 3x kuruta ku gikoresho.

Isezerano ry'ubufatanye hafi ritazokwigera ritanga nk'uko ryamamajwe: "igihe nyaco-igiciro ca POS." Mu bikorwa, ubuhinga bwa POS bwohereza hanze ibiciro ku rutonde kuva ku minota 15 yose gushika rimwe ku musi. CMS ishobora kwerekana ivyo yakira gusa. Igihe nyaco-cosaba amahuzu y'urutonde rw'amakuru ataco akora amashirahamwe y'umutekano w'ubuhinga bwa none yanse kwemeza. Gushinga ivyo witega ku "musi umwe w'akazi" igiciro c'ukuri, atari "ubwo nyene" ukuri.

Gusuzuma abaguzi

Ibibazo vy'ubufatanye buhagaze:abaguzi bagenzura uguhitamwo kw’ibipande, uguhingura ibipande vy’abashoferi, n’ugukoranya kwa nyuma barashobora gushitsa ingingo mfatirwako z’uburyo mu gihe cose. Abakoraniriza hamwe ibice vy'uwundi muntu -bafise ingaruka zike ku buryo.Burn-mu kugerageza bikwiye kuba bisanzwe:ikigaragaza cose gikwiye gukoreshwa n’inguvu nyinshi imbere y’uko coherezwa. Amasaha mirongo ibiri-ane gushika kuri mirongo ine{2}}umunani y’uguturika-in yerekana ukunanirwa kw’urupfu rw’abana bato imbere y’uko barungikwa mu murima. Gusaba guturira-mu cemezo.Ubushuhe bugenda butandukanya abahinguzi b’uburyo n’abandi:gushikirwa n'ikigeragezo c'imibabaro y'ibidukikije-uguhinduka kw'ubushuhe, gushikirwa n'ubukonje-bigenzura ubushobozi bwo kwihangana. Gusaba ivyangombwa vy’ikigeragezo.Gukurikirana ibice ni ngombwa:abagurisha bakwiye kumenya inkomoko y’ibipande, umuhinguzi w’umushoferi IC, n’uwutanga amashanyarazi. Kudashaka gutangaza bivuga ko hariho amasoko ahinduka ashobora kubamwo ibihimba bitari mu rugero.

Ububiko bw'ibice vy'inyuma mu karereigena nimba garanti hari ico isobanura. Genzura ko ibice biriho mu gihugu-mbere yo kwiyemeza kugura vyinshi.Amateka y'ivugurura rya porogaramu nshashaihishura urugero rw’ukwiyemeza. Saba ivyahinduwe muri firmware mu myaka ibiri iheze. Iterambere ry’inguvu ryerekana ko umuntu yiyemeje gushigikira. Nta bivuguruwe bivuga iherezo-ry'ubuzima canke guheba.Infashanyo y'ubufatanyeitandukanya abaguzi b'ibigo-biteguye: inyandiko za API, ubufasha bwo gukorana n'ubuhinga, n'ikibazo co gutera imbere mu vy'ubuhinga.Abaguzi b'inyandikogutanga ivyigwa vy’ukuri. Saba amakuru yo guhamagara ku bikorwa biriho vy’urugero rusa n’urwo. Vugana n’abakoresha ku bijanye n’ubumenyi bwo kwizigirwa no gushigikira inyishu.

Igihe umuntu asuzuma abaguzi, cane cane abo mu Bushinwa aho ama LCD akora cane, ni ikintu gihambaye co kugenzura umuntu yigenga. SGS na Bureau Veritas zompi zitanga ubugenzuzi bw’uruganda n’ibikorwa vy’ugutanga icemezo c’ibicuruzwa vyihariye ku bimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none.

Umutego wo gusura uruganda ufata abaguzi biyumvira ko bariko baragira umwete: uruganda rwagendewe rushobora kuba atari uruganda rukora itegeko. Amashirahamwe y'ubudandaji ahora atunganya ingendo z'ibibanza vy'agaciro kanini -bafatanije navyo kugira ngo yerekane, hanyuma agatanga amategeko nyayo n'ibibanza vy'agaciro gato -amasezerano amaze gusinywa. Ingingo yo gusubiza inyuma ni ugusobanura ikibanza c’ubuhinga mu masezerano afise uburenganzira bwo gukora igenzura, no gukora igenzura ritamenyeshejwe mu gihe c’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga-atari gusa gusura imbere y’-amasezerano.

Gushirwa mu ngiro

Ubanze ushireho ibice 10-20 mu iduka rimwe ry'abantu benshi. Niwibande ku rugero rumwe canke zibiri z’ibintu. Intumbero si urugero ahubwo ni ukwiga.Ingero z'ukuroranirwa kw'umudereva:ukwizigirwa kw’ibikoresho biri munsi ya 5% y’igipimo c’ukunanirwa mu kiringo c’igerageza, ibikorwa vy’ibirimwo aho ivyagezwe bishirwa mu ngiro mu musi umwe w’akazi kuva bisabwe, n’ingaruka z’ugurisha zigaragaza ugutera imbere gushobora gupimwa mu SKUs zatewe imbere ugereranyije n’igihe co kugenzura.Ivyangombwa vyo gusohoka:inyandiko z’ibikorwa vy’ibikoresho, ibisabwa mu bijanye n’ibikorwa, n’ibimenyetso vy’intango vy’inyungu imbere y’uko utangura.

Hanyuma ushiremwo amaduka 5-10. Guhuza ibisobanuro vyo gushiramwo. Gushinga urutonde rw’ibikorwa vyo guhingura ibirimwo. Kwifatanya n'ikirangamisi c'itegurwa ry'iterambere ririho. Gushinga ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirimwo imbere canke amasezerano. Ugushiramwo CMS n’uburyo bwo gushinga ibiciro n’ububiko bw’ibintu. Toza abakozi bakora mu maduka ku bijanye no gutorera umuti ingorane. Gutegura uburyo bwo kwitaho no gukora urutonde rw'ibice vy'inyuma.

Gushiramwo amaduka asigaye. Guhindura ivyiyumviro kuva ku gushiramwo gushika ku gutuma bigenda neza. A/B igerageza ry’uburyo bw’ibirimwo hakurikijwe urutonde. Gushirwaho neza bishingiye ku gusesangura imigenderanire. Isesengura ry'imikorere y'ibirimwo rimenyesha iterambere ry'ubuhinga. Gushiramwo abaguzi no gusubira kuganira ku masezerano bishingiye ku bwinshi.

Ikosa ryo guhingura umudereva rituma porogarama nyinshi zipfa: gutwara umudereva n’umugwi w’umugambi witanze n’inguvu z’intwari, hanyuma ukitega ko ibikorwa vya BAU bizosubiramwo ivyo bisubizo ku rugero runini. Umudereva w’indege akwiye gukoresha mu buryo butomoye gusa ibikoresho bizoboneka mu gihe co gutangaza. Iyo umudereva asavye umuyobozi w’ubudandaji kwemeza ubwiwe ihinduka ryose ry’ibirimwo, ugushiraho bizonanirwa igihe ivyo vyiyumviro bitazoba bigihari. Pilot y’uburyo bwo guhindura, atari gusa kwemeza ubuhinga.

Ivyerekana LCD vy’amaduka manini-manini birambuye ntibikiri ubuhinga bwo kugerageza. Ivyo bikoresho birakuze. Ubutunzi buragaragazwa mu bikorwa bihagije ko ivyitegererezo bitomoye. Ibisabwa mu bikorwa biratahurwa.

Ivyo vyerekanywe bizokora. Kuba bazokora ni uguhitamwo kw’ishirahamwe.

Niba uriko urasuzuma ibigaragaza LCD vy'ibitabo-urubibi, urugi rw'ibikonje -, canke gusohoka,Kuvugana n'umugwi wacu. Dukora urutonde rwose-kuva28-inch y'amaso amweku49-inch umurongo w'impande zibiri ugaragaza-n'ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana urugero rwa A, amasaha 48-igerageza ry'ugusha, n'uburongozi bw'ubushuhe bw'aluminiyumu nk'uko bisanzwe.

Ivyo gusoma bifitaniye isano: POP ihagarariye iki mu bijanye n’ubudandaji?  |  Ingaruka zo Gushiramwo: Igituma Igicuruzwa Kimwe Kigurishwa Neza N'amajambo Atandukanye  |  Gutangaza ikimenyetso c'amateka ya Walmart  |  Uko wokora amaduka atagira amafaranga