Igikoresho co kwerekana E-Ink kigura angahe?

Ibice vy'iyerekanwa ry'ubusa bigura hafi$5–$300, ibikoresho vyo guteza imbere n'ibipande vy'abashoferi bigura hafi$10–$450, na e-impapuro zirangiye zigaragaza igiciro hafi$800–$2,500.

Igikoresho c'irangi c'inci 2.9-kigura amadolari 15. Igikoresho co gukoresha e-ink c’amasentimetero 25 kigura amadolari 2.000. Ivyo si ikosa ryo kwandika. Ivyo ni vyo vy’ukuri vy’isoko rigenzurwa n’ishirahamwe rimwe, ribujijwe n’uburenganzira bwo gukora, kandi rifise inzara y’uguhiganwa.

Igiciro c'Igihugu

Igitigiri nyaco kiratangaje mu rugero rwaco.

Ku mpera nto -1.5" kugeza kuri 2.9" ibipandeku bimenyetso vy'ubuhinga bwa none n'ibimenyetso vya IoT-uriko uraraba amadolari 5 gushika ku madolari 20 ku bice bitagira ikintu, amadolari 10 gushika ku madolari 30 n'ibipande vy'abashoferi. Igiciro c’ibicuruzwa. Isoko rya ESL ryatumye habaho ibitabu vyinshi cane ku buryo ivyo bishobora kugurwa vy’ukuri.

Mu4.2" gushika kuri 5.8"ipfuka ibintu vyo kwambara n’ibintu bitobito vyerekana. Ibiciro biduga bishika ku madolari 18–45 ku bikoresho bitagira ikintu, amadolari 25–60 n’ibipande vy’abashoferi-biracari vyiza ku migambi myinshi.

Inci zitandatuniho benshi mu baguzi babanza guhura na e-ink. Igipapuro c’umweru ca Kindle. Ivyo bikoresho vyaratunganijwe mu myaka cumi n’itanu. Iyi ni e-reader standard, kandi igiciro kigaragaza iyo nzira: $30 gushika $65 ku module, $45 gushika $80 n'urubaho rw'umushoferi. Si ivy’agaciro gato, ariko si ivy’agaterasoni. Uriko uriha nk’amadolari 5–10 ku nkuru y’uruzitiro kuri iyi ngano.

Hanyuma iyo nzira irakomera cane.

Kandi rero hariho n’Ishure ry'inci 25.3-ibiro e-ibara ry'irangi, baleine yera y'isi y'impapuro e-. Igiciro c’ibikoresho bitagira agaciro kigera ku madolari 800–1.200. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ugukurikirana bigurishwa ku madolari 1.500–2.500. Ubutunzi hano ntaco buvuze, ariko tuzoshika kuri ivyo.

Ibara rihindura vyose.Ivyerekana amabara bigura 1.5× gushika kuri 3× kuruta ivyo bihuye n’ibara rimwe mu rwego rwose rw’ubunini. Igikoresho c'amabara 3 ca Kaleido c'inci 13.3-kigurishwa ku madolari 449 ku iduka ryemewe rya E Ink-kandi ivyo ni vyo gusa. Gallery 3 amabara yuzuye afise amabara 50.000 ategeka mbere n’amahera menshi, naho igiciro nyaco kitamenyekana ku mugaragaro.

Ivyo bici- ro ntivyahindutse bike cane mu myaka cumi iheze. Ico kintu conyene kikubwira ko hari ikintu cavunitse.

Kuki E-Ink Igura Ivyo Igura

E Ink Holdings, ni ishirahamwe ryo muri Tayiwani, rigenzura95% vy'isoko ry'isi yose ry'impapuro. Reka uwo mubare winjiremwo.Buri Kindle. Kobo yose. Igitangaje cose. Buri Box. Igiharuro cose. Ikete ryose ry'ubuhinga bwa none mu iduka rinini ryose, iduka ryose ry'imiti, ububiko bwose. Bose bakoresha amapaneli ya E Ink.

Ivyo si ukuganza isoko. Ivyo ni ubutegetsi bw’umuntu umwe.

Inkuru y’inkomoko y’iryo shirahamwe isubira inyuma mu myaka ya 1990, aho abashakashatsi bateguye ubuhinga bwa electrophoretic bushingiye ku buhinga bwa microencapsulated electrophoretic. Iryo shirahamwe ry’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none, E Ink Corporation, ryaguzwe n’ishirahamwe ry’i Tayiwani ryitwa Prime View International mu 2009. Haciye imyaka itatu, mu 2012, E Ink yarafashe SiPix, yari iryo shirahamwe rimwe rudende ry’agaciro ryari riyihiganwa ico gihe. Ico bivamwo ni uruhererekane rw’ugutanga ibifungurwa rufise ikintu kimwe co guhagarika.

Iyo uguze igikoresho ico ari co cose c’impapuro e-ku gikoresho ico ari co cose, amahera yawe amaherezo aja mw’ishirahamwe rimwe ryo muri Hsinchu, muri Tayiwani.

Ivyemezo vy’uburenganzira bituma ubutegetsi bw’umuntu umwe bugumaho.Ikete ry’uburenganzira bwo kwerekana ibintu bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba, ryatanzwe mu 1996, ryaraheze. Mu vy’ukuri, ivyo vyari bikwiye gufungura amarembo y’umwuzure. Umuntu wese akwiye kuba ashoboye gukora e-ibimenyetso vy'impapuro akoresheje ubuhinga bw'ishimikiro.

Ariko E Ink ntiyaruhutse muri iyo myaka y’uburenganzira-kurindwa.

Iyo sosiyete ikoresha nk’amahera .Amadolari 150 miliyoni ku mwaka ku bushakashatsi n'iterambere-a hagati -ijanisha ry'amafaranga yinjiye. Ku muntu akora ibigaragaza, ivyo ni vyinshi cane bidasanzwe. Samsung Display, ikora ku rugero runini cane, ikoresha igice gitoyi c’amahera yinjira mu bushakashatsi. E Ink ikora R&D cane, ikaba ihanganye n’amashirahamwe y’imiti.

Iryo shoramari rituma habaho ugukomeza gusaba uburenganzira bw’umuhinguzi. Ibara ry'akayunguruzo. Ivyihuta gusubiramwo imirongo y’imipfunda. Ivyuma vy’ipulasitike bishobora guhinduka. Ivyiza vy’ugutandukanya. Ibikorwa vy'ubushuhe buke-. Uruvyaro rwose rw’ubuhinga bushasha ruzana ubuhinga bushasha bwo mu bwenge. Ico kintu cose gishasha congeramwo ikindi gice ku gihome.

Igihe c’intango c’uburenganzira bw’umuhinguzi ntaco cahinduye. Ico kigo carakuze gusa inkuta nshasha.

Umuhiganwa wese agerageza kwinjira mw’isoko arahanganye n’amahitamwo: guha uruhusha ubuhinga bwa E Ink (no kwemera ububasha bwabo bwo gushinga ibiciro), gutegura uburyo bundi bujanye n’ibihumbi vy’uburenganzira (buzimvye kandi butwara umwanya-), canke kwemera ko ibicuruzwa vyabo bizoba biri hasi mu vy’ubuhinga (kandi rero bidashobora gucuruzwa).

Hariho kandi n'uruziga rw'ububisha ruriko rurafasha umunyagihugu wenyene. Amafaranga yose E Ink ironka ku mwaka agera kuri miliyaridi imwe y’amadolari. Ivyo bisa n’ibintu vyinshi gushika ubigereranije n’isoko ry’isi yose ry’ibikoresho vy’iyerekanwa, rirenga amadolari 150 miliyaridi ku mwaka. E-impapuro zifata igice c'igice c'inganda y'iyerekanwa.

Isoko rito bisigura ibiharuro bito vy’ibikorwa. E Ink ikoresha ama fabs ari mato cane ugereranyije n’ibikoresho vyinshi vya Gen 10.5 BOE na Samsung bakoresha mu gukora LCD na OLED. Ivyiyumviro bitobito bisigura ko ata bukungu bw’urugero. Ibiciro bihoraho vyo gukora-ivyumba vy'isuku, ibikoresho, abakozi b'ubuhinga-bikwiragizwa mu bice bikeyi.

Nta bukungu bw’urugero busobanura ko ibiciro biguma hejuru. Igipande c'irangi c'inci 6-kigura amadolari 30–60. Igipande ca LCD c'inci 6-kigura amadolari 3–8. Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa birasa, ariko itandukaniro ry’ubunini rituma habaho itandukaniro ry’igiciro ry’urutonde rw’ubunini.

Ibiciro vyinshi biragabanya kwemerwa. Abaguzi baraba ibikoresho vya e-ink, babona igiciro kuruta ibindi bikoresho vya LCD, kandi kenshi bagahitamwo uburyo buzimvye. Abahinguzi b'ibikoresho baragabanya imirongo y'ibikoresho vyabo vy'e-ink kubera ko isoko ari rito.

Ukwemera bifise aho bigarukira bituma isoko riguma ari rito. Kandi iyo nzira irabandanya.

Uyu ni umutego wo kwikomeza-uca gusa iyo umuntu ashize amamiliyaridi y'amadolari kugira ashike ku rugero-canke iyo ihinduka rikomeye ry'ubuhinga rituma ubuhinga bwo gukora ubu butagira akamaro. Na vyo nyene ntivyabaye. Nta na kimwe muri vyo kiboneka ko kiri hafi.

Igereranyo rya LCD

Itandukaniro ry'igiciro hagati ya e-ink na LCD rikwiye kwitwararikwa cane, kuko ryerekana neza ingene igiciro c'impapuro za e-cagoramye.

Ku bunini bwa 6-inch-e-umusomyi w'ikigereranyo-igipande ca LCD kigura amadolari 3 gushika ku madolari 8. Igikoresho co gukoresha e-ink kigura amadolari 30 gushika ku madolari 60. Uwo ni8× kugeza kuri 10×ku mpapuro e-. Ivyo bikoresho vyompi birakuze. Ivyo vyose bihingurwa ku rugero (naho bitandukanye cane ku rugero). Igiciro c’e-ink ntigishobora gusigurwa n’ugukora ibintu bigoranye gusa.

Ku 10 inches, ama LCD agura amadolari 8 gushika ku madolari 15. E-ibipande vy'irangi bigura amadolari 100 gushika ku madolari 180. Ico kigereranyo cararushirije kuba kibi gushika kuri 100.000.10× kugeza kuri 12×. Ushobora kugura amapaneli cumi ya LCD kugiciro c'igipande kimwe c'e-ink.

Igitigiri c’ubunini bwa 25-inch kirerekana ubujuju mu buryo bushitse. Igipande ca LCD c'inci 25-{8}}ubwoko buri imbere mu gicapo c'ibiro-kigura amadolari 40 gushika ku madolari 80. Igipande c’irangi c’amasentimetero 25 kigura amadolari 800 gushika ku 1.200. Uwo ni15× kugeza kuri 20×.

Igikoresho co gupima LCD c’inci 25{4}}kirangijwe kigurishwa ku madolari atarenga 100 ku maduka, harimwo n’igipande, ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’umushoferi, uruzitiro, amashanyarazi, n’inyungu. Igikoresho co gupima amasanamu c’amasentimetero 25 kigurishwa ku madolari 2.000 canke arenga.

Ivy’ubuhinga buratandukanye, egome. E-ink isaba guhingura neza umuvuduko. Ivyo bikoresho bikoresha ubuhinga bwa microencapsulation aho gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gushiramwo amazi. Umusaruro ushobora kuba muto, ukwihangana gukomeye.

Ariko none, ubuhinga bwoba burarushiriza kuba 15× gushika kuri 20×? Mbega birazimvye 15× gushika kuri 20× gukora ku rugero rungana?

Oya, itandukaniro ry’igiciro ntirishingiye ku buhinga bwonyene. Biremezwa n’imiterere y’isoko. Iyo ishirahamwe rimwe rigenzura ivyo ritanga kandi ritagira uwurihiganwa, ibiciro vyerekana ububasha bw’isoko, ntivyerekana igiciro co gukora.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'amabara: Kaleido, Ingoro y'Ibishushanyo, n'Ibara

Ibara e-ink ryashitse, ariko mu buryo bwinshi bufise ibiranga bitandukanye cane n'ibiciro.

Kaleyido

Kaleyidoigereranya umuti w'ibara ry'isoko rya E Ink. Iryo koraniro rishira ibara ry’akayunguruzo (CFA) hejuru y’ibara ry’umwirabura-n’iry’umweru -irangi-mu vyiyumviro bisa n’ingene ibigaragaza LCD bitanga ibara, naho ubuhinga bwa pixel bushingiyeko butandukanye cane. Igisubizo:Amabara 4.096 ku 150 PPIibara, n'ibara rimwe ry'inyuma riguma ritanga 300 PPI ku birimwo vyirabura-na-vyera. Ivyanditswe biguma ari vyiza kubera ko bihindura mu buryo bushitse. Amashusho y'amabara asa n'ayacitse intege kandi afise ubushobozi buke-kubera ko ayunguruwe biciye muri CFA.

Igitigiri co gusubiramwo kiguma cemewe ku gusoma-kigereranywa n'ibipande vy'ibara rimwe. Ntuzobona ugucererwa gukomeye igihe uhindura amapaji canke ugendagenda mu birimwo amabara.

Ivyo gucuruza-ni vy'ukuri. Amabara asa n’ayasukuwe ugereranije na LCD canke OLED. Uguhazwa ni uguke. Ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara. Ugusoma kw'umuco w'izuba utaziguye-e-ikintu cica wino-kiragabanywa kubera ko akayunguruzo k'ibara kanywa umuco.

Kaleido 3 ibice bigura hafi50-80% vyinshikuruta ibipande vy’ibara rimwe bingana. Igipande ca Kaleido 3 c’amasentimetero 7 coshobora kugura amadolari 50–70 aho igipande c’ibara rimwe kigura amadolari 30–40. Ivyo bihembo ni vyinshi ariko ntibibujijwe, ni co gituma Kaleido yabonetse mu bikoresho vy’abaguzi nka Kobo Libra Color n’ibikoresho bitandukanye vy’amabara ya Boox.

Ingoro ya 3

Ingoro ya 3ni uburyo butandukanye cane, kandi butegeka ibiciro bitandukanye cane. Aho kuyungurura umuco w’umweru biciye mu mirongo y’amabara, Ingoro ya 3 ikoresha uburyo bw’amabara ane--cyan, magenta, umuhondo, n’umweru-bishizwe muri buri microcapsule. Pixel yose irimwo amabara yose ane, ashobora guhitamwo gushirwa ahantu umuntu abona biciye ku nzira zitandukanye z’umuyagankuba.

Nta kayunguruzo k'ibara gakenewe. Inyishu: hafi50.000 amabara ku 300 PPI yuzuyeresolution mu kigaragaza cose. Amashusho y’amabara aragaragara cane kuruta Kaleido. Iryo koraniro ryegera ivyo wokwita "vyiza bihagije" ugusubiramwo ibara ku bikorwa vyinshi.

Ubucuruzi-ni umuvuduko. Kwimurira ubwoko bune butandukanye bw’ibara ry’umubiri mu bibanza vy’ukuri bisaba igihe. Gusubiramwo ibara ry'uburyo bushitse-bishobora gutwara amasegonda 1.5. Uburyo bwo gusubiramwo vyihuse burahari ariko buratanga ukuri kw'ibara. Nturiko uraraba amasanamu ku kigaragaza ca Gallery 3. Nta n’uko uriko uragendagenda neza mu nyandiko y’ibara.

Ivyumba vy'ibarabara 3 vyabikiwe ibikorwa vy'agaciro. E Ink ntitangaza ibiciro, kandi ibintu bimaze gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe Gallery 3 gake cane bimenagura ibiciro vy’ibipande. Ariko ibimenyamenya biratomoye mu bici- ro vy’ubudandaji: amabara e-note tablets zikoresha Gallery 3 itegeka $500–$800 y’amahera y’imbere ku bihuye n’ibara rimwe bifise ibiranga bisa. Igishushanyo ca 2 kigura amadolari 450. Igikoresho c’ibara kigereranywa na Gallery 3 kigura amadolari 900 canke arenga.

Imirongo 6

Kandi rero harihoImirongo 6, ryibanda ku isoko ritandukanye rwose: ibimenyetso n’ibimenyetso vy’ubudandaji. Iryo koraniro rikoresha amabara atandatu-isohoka mu nyubakwa y'ibikombe bitobito vy'amabara ane-, vyiza ku bimenyetso binini-bihinduka kenshi. Wiyumvire ibimenyetso vy'amaduka y'ibifungurwa, amakuru y'ikibuga c'indege, ivyerekanywe mu nzu ndangamurage-ibikorwa aho ukeneye ibara, ubunini, n'inguvu zidakoreshwa hagati y'ivyo uhindura. Ingano z’ibipande zishika kuri 75 inches mu 2025. Ibiciro bishika ibihumbi vy’amadolari. Ugurisha bishika gusa biciye mu nzira za B2B zifise amasezerano yashikirijwe, amasezerano y’ubunini, n’ibikorwa vyo gukorana n’abandi.

Nimba uriko urasoma iyi nkuru ugerageza kumenya ingene wogura igipande ca Spectra 6 ku mugambi wawe bwite, inyishu ni: kumbure ntushobora, kandi nta gukeka ko udashobora kugigura.

Ivyo Abaguzi Batandukanye Mu Vy’ukuri Bishura

Isoko rya e-ink rifasha abaguzi batandukanye cane ku bici- ro bitandukanye cane. Aho wicara mu rwego rw’ubukuru niho hagena ivyo uriha.

Uwukunda/Umuhinguzi Tier

Niba uriko wubaka umugambi wawe bwite-iyerekanwa ry'inzu y'ubwenge, e-ikibanza c'ikirere c'impapuro, ivy'ubuhinga-uriko uragura kuri Waveshare, Adafruit, Iyerekanwa ryiza, canke AliExpress. Ivyo ugura: igikoresho co gutegura 2.9" gushika kuri 7.5" gifise urubaho rw'umushoferi, intsinga z'urudodo, na kode y'akarorero. Igiciro:Amadolari 15 gushika ku madolari 120bivanye n’ubunini n’ibiranga.

Suzuma ukuri: uriko uriha ibiciro vy’ubudandaji n’ikimenyetso cuzuye. Umuntu wese wo hagati afata igice. Waveshare igura amapaneli kuri E Ink (canke abayitanga bemerewe), yongerako ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’abashoferi, yandika ivyangombwa, ikora ivyo gutwara ibintu, kandi igafasha abakiriya. Ivyo vyose bitwara amahera.

Igikoresho c’amabara atatu ca Waveshare c’inci 7,5-kigura amadolari 50–90 bivanye n’aho ukiguriye. Iyo paneli nyene, iyo iguzwe na Amazon mu bwinshi bw’amamiliyoni, birashoboka ko igura amadolari atarenga 20 harimwo n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’umushoferi. Uriko uriha 3× gushika kuri 4× ku bijanye n’agateka ko kugura igice kimwe ku gihe.

Ivyo si ukurenganya-guto-ugusangira ubwinshi birafise ibiciro vy'ukuri. Ariko bisigura ko ingengo y’imari y’abanyamideri ishobora guhera ningoga. Kubaka urubaho rw'ibipande bine -e-w'irangi bishobora gutwara amadolari 300 mu bipande vyonyene.

Urugero ruto rw'umwimbu

Iyo umaze gusaba ibice 100–1.000 vyo gukora ivyerekanwa canke gukora ku rugero ruto-, urukino rurahinduka. Uriko urakora biciye ku bacuruzi, abaguzi ba Alibaba, canke ugerageza guhura n’uruganda. Ibiciro kenshi biragenda20–40% munsi y'ugucuruzakuri ivyo bitabu. Igipande kigura amadolari 60 kuri Waveshare coshobora kuboneka ku madolari 40–45 biciye mu bucuti bw’abatanga.

Ariko ukuri kurarushiriza kugorana. Ivyiyumviro bisaba NDAs-abaguzi ntibashaka ko abapiganwa bamenya ibiciro vyabo. Igitigiri gitoyi c’amategeko kiratuma haba intambamyi: woshobora gukenera kwiyemeza gutanga ibice 500 kugira ngo ubone igiciro ciza, ariko ukeneye gusa 200 ku bijanye n’igikorwa cawe co gukora. Igihe co kurongora kirashika mu ndwi canke mu mezi. Ugushikama kw’uburyo ni kwo kuba ingorane yawe.

Abaguzi batobato nta n’inguvu bafise. E Ink ntiyitaho ivy’ugusaba kwawe kw’ibice 500. Bariko bagurisha amamiliyoni y’amapaneli kuri Amazon. Ubucuruzi bwawe burabaho canke burapfa bishingiye ku ngingo zo gutanga amafaranga zifatwa ku bakiriya zikubye igihumbi ubunini bwawe.

Urugero rw'ikigo/OEM

Ku bice 10,000+ ku mwaka, uriko urakorana n'abaguzi ba E Ink canke abafatanyabikorwa bemerewe gukora. Ivyiyumviro vy'inganda vyerekana ko abahinguzi ba OEM bakuru bariha$10–$15 ku gipande c'amasentimetero 6-ugereranyije n'amadolari 30–60 ku bucuruzi. Igiciro c’umubare ni co nyaco, kandi ikinogo ni kinini cane.

Amazon, Kobo, Rakuten, n'abaguzi bakuru ba ESL nka Pricer na SES{0}}imagotag bakora kuri uru rwego. Baganira ku masezerano y'imyaka myinshi-, ugutanga, ivyerekeye imigenzo, n'ibiciro abaguzi ku giti cabo batazokwigera babona. Ico kinogo kiri hagati y’igiciro c’ubudandaji n’igiciro c’ubudandaji gishobora kurenga 70%.

Iyo migenderanire kandi izana n’inshingano: amasezerano y’ubunini, ubufatanye bwo guteza imbere, rimwe na rimwe amadirisho y’ubuhinga bushasha. Iyo E Ink itanguye ubuhinga bushasha bwo gupima ubunini bw’ibipande canke ibara, abahinguzi bakuru ba OEM akenshi bararonka uburenganzira bwa mbere.

Niba uriko uragerageza gutanguza ishirahamwe ry'abasomyi ba e-baguzi maze ugahangana n'ibiciro vya Kindle, tahura ko utariko urahangana gusa n'ikimenyetso ca Amazon n'ibidukikije. Uriko urahangana n’ibiciro vy’ibice vyabo, bishobora kuba biri hasi y’ivyawe 50–70%.

Isoko rya kabiri

Hariho kandi isoko ry'igitutu ry'ibipande vy'irangi e-abaguzi benshi batigera biyumvira: ibice vyasubiwemwo n'ibisigaye. Amasoko ni nk’ibikoresho vya Kindles na Kobos vyasubiwemwo (ivyo bikoresho akenshi biramara igihe kirekire kuruta ibindi bikoresho), ubuhinga bwo gushirako amabara ku bitabo vy’ubuhinga bwa none (amaduka arasubiramwo no guta ibikoresho vya kera), ibikoresho vyasigaye bivuye mu migambi yasambutse, be n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyarengeje urugero.

Ibiciro biragenda30–50% vy'igiciro c'ibarabara rishasha. Igipande c’amasentimetero 6 kigura amadolari 40 gishasha coshobora kuronka amadolari 15–20 ku muntu akora ivyo gusubira gukoresha.

Ivyo gucuruza-ni vyinshi. Nta garanti-iyo igipande gifise akaga, urya ivyo wahomvye. Ivyo bishobora kwonona-e-ibipande vy'irangi bishobora gutera amapixels afatanye canke ubudasa butaringaniye mu gihe n'ikoreshwa. Amateka atazwi-ntimuzi incuro zingahe z'ugusubiramwo igipande caciyemwo canke ingene cabitswe.

Ikiruta vyose, amapaneli yasubiwemwo asaba gutegura umushoferi asanzwe. Nturiko uronka ikintu co guteza imbere gisukuye gifise ivyangombwa. Uriko uraronka urupapuro rudafise ikintu, kumbure rufise urudodo rwo gufatanya, kandi ukeneye kumenya pinout, imiterere y’imipfunda, n’urutonde rw’ugutangura wewe nyene.

Iri soko ribereye gusa abahinga mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bafise ama oscilloscope, ukwihangana, n’ukwihanganira ukunanirwa. Si ivy'abanyamideri bubaka umugambi wabo wa mbere w'impapuro e-.

Igiciro c'ibicuruzwa vyarangije

Ivyuma vy’ubusa ni ikintu kimwe. Ivyo bikoresho bimaze gukoreshwa ni vyo benshi mu baguzi bagura mu vy’ukuri, kandi igiciro kigaragaza ibirenze cane igiciro c’ibikoresho.

Igikoresho co gusoma e- canke e-note kirimwo igikoresho co gusoma e-ink, ariko kandi: igikoresho co gukora (mu bisanzwe gishingiye kuri ARM-), RAM n’ububiko, bateri, igice co gukorako (gishobora gukora canke gikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba), uburyo bwo gukoresha urumuri rw’imbere, uruzitiro rw’amaporogarama y’ipulasitike canke aluminium, gupfunyika, n’inyungu z’abahinguzi n’abagurisha.

Igiciro c'ibarabara gishobora guserukira20–40% vy'ibikoreshoku gikoresho c’abaguzi. Ibindi vyose biraterana.

E-Abasomyi (amadolari 100–280)

Igipapuro c'umweru c'i Kindle na Kobo Clara bifataAmadolari 100 gushika ku madolari 180ku basomyi b'ishimikiro b'ibara rimwe 6-inch e-. Ibirango vy'agaciro-urumuri rushushe, ububiko bunini, ububiko bw'amazi-bisunika ku mpera yo hejuru. Ivyo gusoma amabara nk’ibara rya Kobo Libra vyashitse mu 2019.Amadolari 200–280, hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa Kaleido. Igiciro ca ~$100 ku bihuye n’ibara rimwe kigaragaza ko igiciro c’ibarabara congerekanye be n’ikintu gishasha.

Kuri ivyo bici- ro, abasomyi ba e-bacitse abasomyi benshi bashobora kuronka vy'ukuri. Igitabo ca Kindle Paperwhite kigura ibitabu bikomeye bitarenga cumi na bibiri. Iciyumviro c'agaciro kiratomoye, mbere n'igiciro ca e-ink ku LCD.

E-Ibipande vy'Inyandiko (amadolari 400–900)

Aha niho ibiciro vy'ibipande vya e-note biduga cane. Ivyo bimenyetso 2 bigura nk’ibice 100.000.$450. Urutonde rw'Ikiganiro ca Boox ruragenda$400–$500. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amajwi vyitwa supernote bifata akarere nk’ako nyene. Ku 10.3 inches, ivyo ni ibikoresho vy'umwuga bigurishwa ku bafata amajambo, abanyeshure, n'abakoresha ubucuruzi bashaka ubumenyi bwo kwandika nk'ubw'impapuro.

Iciyumviro c’agaciro ntikigaragara cane aha. Igikoresho co gukoresha e-note c’amadolari 450 kirahangana n’iPad y’amadolari 329 ikora ivyo e-note ikora vyose, hamwe n’ibindi bintu amamiliyoni. E-abaguzi b’inyandiko bariko bariha cane cane kubera ubumenyi nk’ubw’impapuro-, ibidukikije bitagira ibisamaza-, n’ugugabanya umubabaro w’amaso.

Uburyo bunini-uburebure bwa 13.3-inch amajambo y'ubuhinga bwa none asunika muriAmadolari 550–800. Verisiyo z'amabara-ukoresheje Ingoro 3-zishobora kurenga$900. Kuri ivyo bici- ro, uriko uragura igikoresho kidasanzwe c’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwihariye. Isoko ni rito ariko ryiyeguriye.

E-Ibikoresho vy'irangi (amadolari 500–amadolari 2.500)

E-ibigenzuzi vy'irangi bigereranya igiciro -ku -agaciro k'ibara ry'isoko ryose. Igikoresho ca Dasung c’amasentimetero 10,3 kimeze nk’impapuro 103 kigura$500–$800. Iyi ni moniteri ya kabiri ingana n’igikoresho kinini, ibereye kwerekana inyandiko canke ibikoresho vyo gukoresha mu gihe ukora ku gicapo ca mbere. Ivyo bipimo vy'amasentimetero 13,3 biva kuri Boox (urutonde rwa Mira) na Dasung (HD-FT) bikora$800–$1,200. Kuri ubu bunini, ushobora gusoma neza inyandiko zose, guhindura umwandiko, canke gusura imbuga-niba ushobora kwihanganira igipimo co gusubiramwo.

Ivyo bikoresho vy’ibiro vy’amasentimetero 25,3 ni vyo bikoresho vy’agaciro: Dasung Paperlike 253 ku$2,250, Boox Mira Pro ku bici- ro bisa n’ivyo, amabara asunika aja ku .$2,500.

Amadolari 2.250 aragugura vyinshi mw’isoko ry’iyerekanwa. Igikoresho c’amabara 4K OLED c’amasentimetero 32 gifise ubushobozi bwo gusubiramwo 120Hz, gifasha HDR, n’amabara amamiliyoni: nk’amadolari 900. Igikoresho co guhindura amafoto c’amasentimetero 27 gifise ibara ry’uruganda: nk’amadolari 700. Igikoresho co gukinirako c’amasentimetero 49: nk’amadolari 800.

Kugiciro c’ikigaragaza kimwe c’inci 25,3-inch e-ink, woshobora kugura ama OLED abiri y’ubuhinga maze ugasigaza amahera.

Ivyuma bigenzura E-ink ntibiriko birahiganwa ku gaciro. Ntibariko barahiganwa ku bijanye n’ibintu biranga. Bagurisha ku baguzi bafise ivyipfuzo vyihariye-kugabanya ububabare bw'amaso, ivyiza nk'ivy'impapuro, gukuraho umuco w'izuba-batagira ubundi buryo. Ivyo ababikora barabizi. Ibiciro biravyerekana.

Ibiciro vyihishijwe Nta n'umwe akubwira

Niba uriko urakora igicuruzwa ukoresheje e-ink-utagura igikoresho giheza, ariko ukora ikintu gishasha-igiciro c'ibarabara ni intango gusa.

Ivyuma vy'umushoferi

Ivyuma vy'irangi e-ibitagiramwo ibinure ntivyemera ivyinjizwa vy'umubare vyoroshe. Bisaba amabarabara y’ubugenzuzi ashobora gutanga imirongo y’imipfunda igoye-ikurikirana ry’umuriro ry’igihe nyaco rigendana n’ibice vy’ibara vy’umuriro biri muri izo nkoko. Kuva -i-abagenzuzi b'etageri bariho. IT8951 ni ikintu gisanzwe ku bipande binini. Ivyuma bitandukanye biva kuri Good Display na Waveshare bikorana n’ibintu bitobito. Ivyo vyongerako$10–$50ku giciro c’ibikoresho vyawe, bivanye n’ingene bigaragara be n’ibiranga. Iterambere ry'umushoferi ubwiwe-niba ukeneye ibiranga, igiciro gito ku bwinshi, canke ibintu bitobito-vyongera amayinga y'igihe c'ubuhinga. Ukeneye abahinga b'ibikoresho batahura guhindura umuriro mwinshi-, igihe kigoye, n'ugucungera EMI. Ubwo buhinga si ubusanzwe.

Iterambere ry'imiterere y'umuvuduko

Kandi rero hariho n'ugutunganya ibara ry'umuyaga-iki ni co gice kironka abantu vy'ukuri. Ivyerekana E-ink ntibihindura gusa ama pixels canke ngo azimye. Igihe cose umuntu asubiye gusubiramwo, harimwo urutonde rw’impumuro z’umuriro zitunganijwe neza zitegerezwa gutanga inyishu ku bijanye n’ingene amapixel yari ameze kera, uko ibintu bishasha vyipfuzwa, ubushuhe be n’uburyo bw’ishusho yipfuzwa.

Izo mbonerahamwe zo kurondera uburyo bw'umuvuduko ni isosi y'ibanga y'uburyo bwo kwerekana e-ink. Ivyiza vy’imipfunda bitanga umwandiko utomoye n’ibinyoma bikeyi. Imirongo mibi y'imipfunda itanga amashusho y'ibitovu, ibintu biboneka, n'ukwambara kwa pixels imbere y'igihe.

Iterambere ry’imirongo y’amazi ntiryanditswe.Nta n’ivyo abantu bose bavuga. Nta buryo bumwe bumwe buhari. Ubu ni ubuhinga bw’umwiza buronswa biciye mu kugerageza no gukosa, ibikoresho-ibiranga cane, rimwe na rimwe n’uguhanahana inama bizimvye na E Ink canke abafatanyabikorwa bemerewe.

Amashirahamwe nka Good Display na Waveshare atanga imirongo y'imipfunda yatunganijwe mbere n'ibikoresho vyabo vyo gutegura. Ibi bikora neza ku gukora ivyerekanwa no ku gukora ku rugero ruto-. Ishirwa mu ngiro ry'abantu -imiterere itandukanye y'imikorere, uburyo butandukanye bwo gusubiramwo, uburyo bwo gusubiramwo bwiza-bisaba guhindura ubuhinga bw'imirongo y'imipfunda iriho canke gutegura ubundi bushasha kuva mu ntango.

Ingingo y’imari ihuye n’ivyo.

Gukora ku Bufatanye

Ivyuma vyinshi vy'abaguzi birimwo ivy'ugukorako, bishobora kuba bifise ubushobozi (gukorako urutoke) canke bifise ubushobozi (ugukorako n'urutoke), hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa Wacom canke ubuhinga busa n'ubwo). Ivyumba vy’ugukorako ntibiri mu bici- ro vy’ishimikiro. Ni ibice bitandukanye bitegerezwa gufatanywa n’ikigaragaza, bikagereranywa, kandi bikajanwa na porogarama yawe. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ku mubiri bwongerako20–30%ku giciro c’ibarabara. Igipande c’amadolari 50 gica kiba amadolari 60–65 iyo ukozeko. Ugushiramwo ivyuma vy'umuyagankuba-bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwinjiza neza ururimi mu bikorwa vya e-note-vyongera amafaranga asa n'ayo, rimwe na rimwe n'ibindi.

Uburyo bw'urumuri rw'imbere

E-ivyerekanywe n'irangi biragaragaza. Biraboneka neza cane mu muco wo mu bidukikije ariko bikaba bitagira akamaro mu mwiza. Ivyuma vyinshi vy’abaguzi birimwo urumuri rw’imbere kugira ngo bishobore gutorera umuti iyo nzitizi. Uburyo bw'umuco w'imbere bukoresha amatara y'umuco ashizwe ku ruhande-n'amatara y'umuco kugira ngo umuco ushikirizwe ku ruhande rwose rw'ikigaragaza. Amatara y'imbere akozwe neza-ntaboneka iyo azimye kandi atanga mbere n'umuco iyo akora. Amatara y’imbere akozwe nabi atuma haba ahantu haboneka, umuco utaringaniye, n’umuco usamaza. Imbere urumuri rwongerako$5–$20ku kimwe cose bivanye n’uburyo n’ibintu nk’uguhindura ubushuhe bw’ibara. Integuro y'imiterere-kumenya neza ko umurongozi w'umuco ufatanya neza n'ikigaragaza ataco uhinduye ku buryo bw'amaso-bisaba ubuhinga bwongereweko.

Ingorane z'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho

Kumbure igiciro gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose:Inkomoko imwe -ishingiye. E Ink Holdings ni yo yonyene iguha ibimenyetso vy’amashanyarazi. Iyo bafise ingorane y’uguhingura, nawe ufise ingorane y’uguhingura. Iyo ibiciro vyavyo vyiyongereye, amafaranga yawe aragabanuka. Iyo ibisabwa n’abaguzi benshi (Amazon, abagurisha bakuru ba ESL) bifata ivy’uguhabwa biriho, amategeko yawe arasubirwamwo.

Nta gusubira inyuma. Nta n’isoko ya kabiri iriho. Nta wundi muguzi ushobora guhabwa mu gihe c’ubukene.

Amashirahamwe y’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga vy’ubwenge yubaka ubucuti n’abaguzi benshi b’ibikoresho bihambaye. Na e-ink, ivyo ntibishoboka. Uruhererekane rwawe rw’ibikoresho rufise ikintu kimwe co kunanirwa, kigenzurwa n’ishirahamwe inyungu zaryo zishobora kuba zidahuye n’izawe.

Ivyo bikurikira

Kuvuga ivy’imbere y’igihe birateye akaga. Kuvuga imbere y’igihe kazoza k’isoko ry’umuntu umwe-rigenzurwa ni uko ari kabiri. Ariko hariho ibintu bimwebimwe bisa n’ibishoboka.

Hafi-Igihe (Imyaka 1–2)

Mu mwaka uza canke ibiri, ibiciro vy’amabara bizogabanuka buhoro buhoro uko Kaleido 3 ikora. Ico gikoresho kirakuze bihagije kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwinshi, kandi uguhiganwa hagati y’abahinguzi b’ibikoresho bikwiye gutuma habaho ugukosorwa kw’ibiciro. Ivyerekanywe vy'imiterere nini-irengeye inci 25 bizokwinjira mu guhingura umuvuduko munini-. Ivyo bikoresho vy'uburebure bwa 25.3-inch biri kw'isoko ubu ni ibikoresho vy'amaboko-vyubatswe n'amaboko. Uko umusaruro ugenda uragenda, ibiciro bishobora kugabanuka 10–20%. Isoko ry’ibimenyetso vy’ibitabo vy’ubuhinga bwa none rikomeza kwaguka cane, bikaba ari vyo bituma abantu benshi bashaka ibipande vy’irangi vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Iyi ni inkuru nziza ku bijanye n’akazoza k’ubuhinga, naho nyene iterambere rya ESL rifasha canecane uguhingura amapaneli mato aho gufasha abaguzi.

Nta guhungabana kw’igiciro gukomeye gukwiye kwitegwa muri iki kiringo. E Ink’s monopoly iguma itekanye. Ivyo gushiramwo amahera mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bifata imyaka kugira ngo bibeho. Nta kintu na kimwe kiri hafi -gitera ubwoba ivy'ubu.

Igihe giciye hagati-Imyaka 3–5)

Mu mwaka uza wa gatatu, uburenganzira bw’inyongera buzohera, mu vy’impwemu buzofungura amahirwe yo guhiganwa. Nimba hari uwuzokoresha neza izo nzira zifunguye, ntibiramenyekana.

Abashinwa bariko barahiganwan’ugutanga ingeramizi nyayo kuruta izindi zose ku butegetsi bwa E Ink. Guangzhou OED yarateguye ubuhinga bwo gukoresha umuyagankuba mu myaka myinshi ariko ntiyaronka intsinzi nyinshi mu vy’ubudandaji. BOE-ikigo kinini kw’isi gikora ibimenyetso-cashize amahera mu buhinga bwa DES (Digital Electrophoretic System) bushobora guhangana n’ivyo E Ink itanga.

Iyo abo bapiganwa bashitse ku bushobozi bwo gukora ubudandaji-ni cane iyo-ibiciro vyoshobora kugabanuka 20–30% uko abahinguzi b’ibikoresho baronka ubushobozi bwo guhanahana amakuru. Amahiganwa ntakeneye gufata umugabane mwinshi w’isoko kugira ngo agire ico akoze ku bici- ro; kubaho gusa kw’iyindi nzira yizewe birahindura inguvu z’ibiganiro.

Ibiciro vy'impapuro zishobora guhinduka bikwiye kugabanuka uko uburyo bwo gukora bugenda burakura. Ivyuma bishobora guhinduka ubu bitegeka amafaranga menshi ku bigaragaza bikomeye-ibishigikiwe n'ibirahuri. Ivyo bihembo bishobora kugabanuka uko umunzane w’ibikorwa ugenda ugabanuka.

Ibihinduka bitazwi

Ariko nta n’umwe ashobora kubivuga:BOE canke ibindi bigo bikomeye vy’ugushira ahabona vyoba bizoshiramwo amahera menshi mu buhinga bwa electrophoretic?BOE irafise ubushobozi bwo gukora, ubuhinga bwo gukora ibikoresho, n’amahera yo guhangana na E Ink ataco ihinduye. Ariko e-impapuro ni isoko ritoyi cane ku rugero rwa BOE. Isoko ry’amadolari miliyaridi 1 ni ikosa ryo gukikuza ishirahamwe rifise amadolari 30+ miliyaridi y’amahera yinjizwa ku mwaka. Ingamba z’ishoramari ryinshi ntizitomoye.

Mbega ubuhinga bundi bwoba buzotuma ubudandaji butera imbere?Cholesteric LCD itanga ibiranga e-impapuro- (ibishobora guhinduka, bigaragaza) bishobora gutuma ibiciro vyo gukora bigabanuka. Ivyerekanywe n’umuyagankuba vyarasezeranye vyinshi ariko ntivyatanga bike mu vy’ubudandaji. Ivyuma bishasha vyoshobora kuza. Nimba hariho ikintu gishobora guhura n'ibiranga e-ink-ugutandukanya, ugushikama kabiri, imfuruka yo kuraba, uguhinduranya-bisigaye bitaraboneka.

E Ink yoba izogabanya ibiciro imbere y’igihe kugira ngo irwanye umugabane w’isoko?Abacuruzi b’ibintu bimwe bimwe bahanganye n’abashobora kubahiganwa rimwe na rimwe baragabanya ibiciro mu buryo bw’ingene bobigira, bakemera inyungu ntoyi kugira ngo bace intege ishoramari ry’abashobora kubahiganwa. E Ink yoshobora kugabanya ibiciro 20–30% maze igakomeza gutanga inyungu. Boba bazotanga amahera kugira ngo bazigame uburenganzira bwo gukora? Ingingo si iyo mu vy'ubutunzi gusa-irimwo inyigisho y'urukino, ingamba z'ishirahamwe, n'isuzuma ry'iterabwoba ry'amahiganwa abanyamahanga badashobora gusuzuma.

Mbega Apple, Samsung canke abandi bakuru bazokwinjira mw’isoko?Ishirahamwe rinini ry’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none rikora ibintu bikomeye vy’irangi ryoshobora guhindura uruhererekane rwo gutanga ibikoresho. Ivyo Apple ishaka kuri e-paper vyamaze imyaka bivugwa ataco vyerekana. Samsung irafise ubuhinga bwo gukora ibigaragaza kugira ngo ishobore guhangana na E Ink ataco ihinduye iyo ivyuriwe umutima. Nta n’umwe muri bo yagize ico akora mu buryo bufise insiguro muri iyo nzira.

Igenzura ry’ukuri: nta n’umwe abizi. Ico bishobora gushikako ni ugukomeza gutera imbere buhoro buhoro-ugugabanya buhoro buhoro ibiciro, gutera imbere buhoro buhoro ubuhinga, kwagura buhoro buhoro ibikorwa-aho guhungabanya buhoro buhoro. Ariko uguhungabana, iyo kuza, kwoshobora kuza ningoga.

Igiciro c'iyerekanwa ry'irangi rya E-ntikigenwa n'ugusobanuka kw'ibikorwa, igiciro c'ibikoresho, canke ubuhinga buteye imbere. Bigenwa n’imiterere y’isoko.

Ishirahamwe rimwe ni ryo rigenzura ivyo batanga. Ivyemezo vy’uburenganzira birabuza amarushanwa. Isoko ni rito cane kugira ngo rikwegere abahiganwa bafise amahera meza-. Ibiciro biguma ari hejuru kuko ataco bihatira kugabanya.

Ku baguzi, ivyo bituma haba ibarura ryoroshe:

Munsi y'amadolari 50iguha utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto tw'iterambere-2.9" gushika kuri 5.8"-vy'ugukora ivyerekanwa, imigambi ya IoT, n'ukwiga. Kuri iki giciro, e-ink irafise insiguro ku migambi y’abakunda ivy’ugukina mbere n’aho yoba ifise igiciro c’agaciro kuruta LCD. Ibirango vy'umwihariko-impapuro-nk'ukuntu bisa, bistability, gusomwa ku murango-bituma igiciro c'ibikorwa bikwiye.

$100–$300ipfuka abasomyi b'abaguzi e-n'ibikoresho vy'ishimikiro vya e-note. Isoko ry’ibisomwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’amasentimetero 6-rashitse ku rwego rwo gukura vy’ukuri no kugiciro gisanzwe. Niba ushaka igikoresho co gusoma cihariye, igitekerezo c’agaciro kirakomeye.

$400–$800agura ibipande vy'amajambo vy'umwuga n'ibikoresho bitobito vy'amabara y'irangi. Uriko uriha amafaranga menshi ku mpapuro-nk'ubumenyi bwo kwandika no kugabanya umubabaro w'amaso-. Ibi ni ibikoresho vy'ibikorwa vyihariye, si ibikoresho vy'intumbero rusangi-.

$1,500–$2,500ni ibiro e-intara y'igenzura. Abaguzi kuri uru rwego barafise ivyo bakeneye-ibibazo bikomeye vy'amaso, ivyo bakunda mu bijanye n'ubwiza, ibikorwa vy'umwuga bisaba impapuro{3}}nk'ibimenyetso-kandi nta yindi nzira. Ibiciro vyerekana ivyo abantu basaba.

Amadolari 3.000 n'ibindiigereranya ibigaragaza vy'imiterere nini-, ibikorwa vy'inganda, n'ibisubizo vy'ibimenyetso vy'ubuhinga bwa none. Ivyo ni ugugura kw’ibigo bifise ingengo y’imari y’ibigo, biganirwako biciye mu nzira za B2B.

Ivyo bici- ro ntibibereye. Ntizikora neza. Ntivyerekana igiciro c’uguhingura ubuhinga bushingiyeko ku rugero rubereye. Ni igiciro gusa co kugura ku kigo kimwe gusa mw’isoko aho ata n’umwe yubatse ubundi buryo bushoboka.

Ikibazo si uko e-ink yerekana izimvye. Ni ko biri, ata gukeka.

Ikibazo ni nimba hari uwuzoca ububasha bwa E Ink Holdings kw’isoko imbere y’uko ubuhinga buhinduka ubusa-busubirizwa n’ubuhinga bumwe bumwe bwo kwerekana bwo muri kazoza butanga inyungu z’impapuro za e-ata n’inzitizi zayo kandi ata n’igiciro cayo c’ubuhinga.